Passive Smokers Inhale Radioactive Particles EXCERPTS FROM: Smoker alert: there's radiation in your cigarettes
Scripps Howard News Service, the Toledo Blade [05/17/00]
In the late 1960s and '70s, Dr. Dade W. Moeller, an expert on radiation
and professor at the Harvard University School of Public Health, urged
cigarette manufacturers to take what may seem like a strange step:
Get the radiation out of tobacco. Please develop a process to remove
radioactive material from cigarettes. It could protect the lungs of
cigarette smokers from enormous doses of radioactive material found in
tobacco. It could make cigarette smoking safer by reducing the risks of
lung cancer.
Radioactive material in cigarettes? Most people still aren't aware of the
nasty secret. Mention radiation exposure from cigarettes and they think
it's some heavy-handed trick concocted by the anti-cigarette lobby to
scare smokers and potential smokers.
Dr. Moeller and his Harvard associates, however, regard the radiation
hazard as both a serious health threat and a public health opportunity.
The threat, they say, is serious enough to add a new warning label to
those routinely put on cigarette packages. The radiation label would
caution:
``Surgeon General's Warning: Cigarettes are a Major Source of
Radiation Exposure.''
Given the public's morbid fear of radiation, knowledge about cigarette
radiation could boost the effectiveness of anti-smoking programs.
Here's the situation in a few lines. It has been documented over the last
35 years in reports in scientific journals and publications of the
congressionally chartered National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurement.
In a 1964 report in ``Science,'' Harvard scientists announced discovery
that tobacco contains relatively high concentrations of a natural
radioactive material called polonium-210. It forms from a natural
radioactive gas, radon. Radon forms from another natural radioactive
material, uranium, found in small amounts in soil.
Those areas thus get a big jolt of radiation. Consider the yearly dose to
the bronchial epithelium in a person who smokes 1.5 packs of cigarettes
daily: It's equivalent to the radiation in about 1,500 chest x-ray
examinations, according to Dr. Moeller and his associates.
The annual radiation dose to a 1.5-pack per day smoker is more than 12
times higher than the safe limits set by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the
U.S. Department of Energy.
It is 1,500 times the dose that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
permits to the lungs of people who live just outside the perimeter fence
of a nuclear power plant.
Pity the non-smokers unfortunate enough to live, work or dine near
cigarette smokers. They also get a nice stiff dose of radiation from
inhaling ``second-hand'' smoke from smoldering cigarette butts and
exhaled smoke.
Smokers and nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke should know
about the radiation hazard from cigarettes. Cigarette companies should
heed Dr. Moeller's advice, and develop ways of removing polonium-210
from tobacco.
Maybe they should list radiation content on the package, right along
with nicotine and tar levels, so smokers can be more informed
consumers and pick a low-radiation brand.
http://www.no-smoking.org/may00/05-19-00-1.html